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Source — Source: PIB ///Category — GS Paper 2 ///Published — 2026-01-08 ///Exam — Both Prelims and Mains ///Tags — Rapid Fire, Quick Facts For Prelims, Government Policies & Interventions ///Source — Source: PIB ///Category — GS Paper 2 ///Published — 2026-01-08 ///Exam — Both Prelims and Mains ///Tags — Rapid Fire, Quick Facts For Prelims, Government Policies & Interventions ///

Source: PIB · GS Paper 2

Indian Railways’ Electrification Drive

Indian Railways has achieved 99.2% electrification of its broad‑gauge network (69,427 RKMs out of 70,001 RKMs) by November 2025, marking a major stride towards sustainable transport and energy security. The drive underscores significant economic savings, carbon‑emission reductions and the integration of renewable energy, making it a key topic for UPSC exams.

2026-01-08

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Source: PIB

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Key Facts and Data Points

Electrification Coverage: 99.2% of Broad Gauge network (69,427 RKMs out of 70,001 RKMs) as of Nov 2025.
Historical Milestone: First electric train ran in 1925 between Bombay VT and Kurla Harbour.
Electrification Pace:
2004‑2014: 1.42 km/day
2019‑2025: >15 km/day
Share of Electrified Tracks: 24% in 2000 → 96% in 2024 → 99.2% in 2025.
State‑wise Coverage: 25 States/UTs fully electrified; remaining 5 States (Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Assam, Goa) have only 574 RKMs (0.8%) non‑electrified.
Economic Benefit: Electric traction is ~70% cheaper than diesel.
Environmental Gains: Significant reduction in CO₂, air pollutants and fossil‑fuel dependence.
Renewable Integration: 898 MW solar capacity commissioned (up from 3.68 MW in 2014); solar installations at 2,626 stations.
Global Comparison (June 2025): Switzerland 100%, China 82%, Spain 67%, Japan 64%, France 60%, Russia 52%, UK 39%.

Background and Context

The electrification drive aligns with India’s National Electricity Policy (2015) and National Action Plan on Climate Change aiming for a low‑carbon economy.
It supports the 'Make in India' initiative by fostering indigenous manufacturing of electric locomotives and related components.
The push is part of broader Infrastructure Development under the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP).

Significance for India / Governance / Policy

Energy Security: Reduces dependence on imported diesel, saving foreign exchange.
Economic Efficiency: Lower operating costs translate to cheaper freight/passenger rates, boosting competitiveness.
Environmental Impact: Contributes to India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
Social Benefits: Cleaner air improves public health, especially in densely populated corridors.
Strategic Advantage: Faster, more reliable rail services enhance logistics for defense and disaster relief.

Related Constitutional / Legal Provisions

Article 246 (Union List) – Railways fall under Union jurisdiction, enabling central policy implementation.
Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 – Provides the legal framework for reducing emissions.
Energy Conservation Act, 2001 – Encourages adoption of energy‑efficient technologies like electric traction.

References

PIB Press Release, 08 Jan 2026
Reforming Indian Railways – Daily Updates