Third Synchronised Nilgiri Tahr Survey
Background & Implementation
The Tamil Nadu Forest Department recently launched the third synchronised Nilgiri Tahr survey across the Western Ghats in coordination with Kerala. This survey ensures simultaneous counting across state boundaries to:
- Avoid duplication of counts
- Improve accuracy of population data
Coverage Area
- Length covered: Over 3,100 km
- Forest divisions: 14 divisions
- Range: From Ashambu Mottai (Kanniyakumari) to Tavalamalai (Gudalur)
Technology & Institutions
Technology Used:
- "Varudai" mobile app
- Supporting web-based system
- Real-time data collection
- GPS tracking
- Standardised reporting
Participating Institutions:
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- Botanical Survey of India
- Wildlife Trust of India
Nilgiri Tahr: Key Facts
Classification
- Scientific Name: Nilgiritragus hylocrius
- Also known as: Varayaadu or Nilgiri Ibex
- Family: Caprine ungulate
Distribution
- Endemic to: Western Ghats
- States: Kerala and Tamil Nadu
- Tamil Nadu Status: State animal
Habitat
- Elevation: 1,200–2,600 m
- Type: Montane grasslands and shola forests
- Preference: Grassy slopes and rocky cliffs
Major Populations
- Eravikulam National Park (ENP) - Kerala - Largest population
- Palani Hills
- Srivilliputtur
- Meghamalai
- Agasthyiar Ranges
Behavior & Life Cycle
- Nature: Diurnal (active during day)
- Lifespan: Up to ~9 years in wild
Conservation Status
- IUCN Status: Endangered
- WPA, 1972: Schedule-I
Threats
- Habitat loss (deforestation)
- Hydroelectric projects
- Monoculture plantation
- Livestock competition
- Poaching
- Local extinction (e.g., Karnataka highlands)
Project Nilgiri Tahr
- Launch: October 2023
- Focus areas:
- Habitat management
- Population monitoring
- Scientific conservation
Ecological Significance
- Prey base: For large carnivores like leopard (and occasionally tiger)
- Coexists with: Nilgiri langur and lion-tailed macaque
- Indicator species: Montane grassland health
Constitutional/Legal Provisions
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule-I species (highest protection)
- IUCN Red List: Endangered category
- Indian Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act: Stringent penalties for poaching